Facile Preparation of Bimetallic MOF-derived Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid Composites for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

In this work, the novel TPA@C-NiZr-MOF catalyst is synthesized by the impregnation of tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) on the NiZr-based metal-organic framework (NiZr-MOF) followed by calcination up to 300 °C. The as-prepared catalyst materials were structurally, morphologically, and texturally characterized by XRD, FTIR, temperature programmed desorption of NH₃ ( TPD-NH₃ ), N₂ physisorption, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The prepared catalyst can be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from oleic acid (OA) with methanol. The results indicated that, in comparison to TPA@NiZr-MOF, the TPA@C-NiZr-MOF catalyst calcined at 300 °C exhibits excellent catalytic performance probably owing to the synergistic effect between TPA and metal oxide skeletons, high acidity, as well as larger surface area and pore size. Additionally, the TPA@C-NiZr-MOF catalyst can be reused in up to six cycles with an acceptable conversion. This study showed that the bimetallic MOF-derived composite materials can be used as an alternative potential heterogeneous catalyst toward biorefinery applications.